Global Eruption Rocks the Sun

Dec. 13, 2010: On August 1, 2010, an entire hemisphere of the sun erupted. Filaments of magnetism snapped and exploded, shock waves raced across the stellar surface, billion-ton clouds of hot gas billowed into space. Astronomers knew they had witnessed something big.

It was so big, it may have shattered old ideas about solar activity.

“The August 1st event really opened our eyes,” says Karel Schrijver of Lockheed Martin’s Solar and Astrophysics Lab in Palo Alto, CA. “We see that solar storms can be global events, playing out on scales we scarcely imagined before.”

Global Eruption (movie_strip, 550px)

Click to play an extreme ultraviolet movie of the August 1st global eruption. Different colors represent different plasma temperatures in the range 1.0 to 2.2 million K. Credit: Solar Dynamics Observatory.

For the past three months, Schrijver has been working with fellow Lockheed-Martin solar physicist Alan Title to understand what happened during the “Great Eruption.” They had plenty of data: The event was recorded in unprecedented detail by NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory and twin STEREO spacecraft. With several colleagues present to offer commentary, they outlined their findings at a press conference today at the American Geophysical Union meeting in San Francisco.

Explosions on the sun are not localized or isolated events, they announced. Instead, solar activity is interconnected by magnetism over breathtaking distances. Solar flares, tsunamis, coronal mass ejections–they can go off all at once, hundreds of thousands of miles apart, in a dizzyingly-complex concert of mayhem.

Global Eruption (STEREO2, 200px)

NASA’s twin STEREO spacecraft surround the sun. [STEREO home page]

“To predict eruptions we can no longer focus on the magnetic fields of isolated active regions,” says Title, “we have to know the surface magnetic field of practically the entire sun.”

This revelation increases the work load for space weather forecasters, but it also increases the potential accuracy of their forecasts.

“The whole-sun approach could lead to breakthroughs in predicting solar activity,” commented Rodney Viereck of NOAA’s Space Weather Prediction Center in Boulder, CO. “This in turn would provide improved forecasts to our customers such as electric power grid operators and commercial airlines, who could take action to protect their systems and ensure the safety of passengers and crew.”

In a paper they prepared for the Journal of Geophysical Research (JGR), Schrijver and Title broke down the Great Eruption into more than a dozen significant shock waves, flares, filament eruptions, and CMEs spanning 180 degrees of solar longitude and 28 hours of time. At first it seemed to be a cacophony of disorder until they plotted the events on a map of the sun’s magnetic field.

Title describes the Eureka! moment: “We saw that all the events of substantial coronal activity were connected by a wide-ranging system of separatrices, separators, and quasi-separatrix layers.” A “separatrix” is a magnetic fault zone where small changes in surrounding plasma currents can set off big electromagnetic storms.

Global Eruption (locations, 550px)

Locations of key events are labeled in this extreme ultraviolet image of the sun, obtained by the Solar Dynamics Observatory during the Great Eruption of August 1st. White lines trace the sun’s magnetic field. Credit: K Schrijver & A. Title. [larger image]

Why I'm Posting Bail Money for Julian Assange

Yesterday, in the Westminster Magistrates Court in London, the lawyers for WikiLeaks co-founder Julian Assange presented to the judge a document from me stating that I have put up $20,000 of my own money to help bail Mr. Assange out of jail.

Furthermore, I am publicly offering the assistance of my website, my servers, my domain names and anything else I can do to keep WikiLeaks alive and thriving as it continues its work to expose the crimes that were concocted in secret and carried out in our name and with our tax dollars.

We were taken to war in Iraq on a lie. Hundreds of thousands are now dead. Just imagine if the men who planned this war crime back in 2002 had had a WikiLeaks to deal with. They might not have been able to pull it off. The only reason they thought they could get away with it was because they had a guaranteed cloak of secrecy. That guarantee has now been ripped from them, and I hope they are never able to operate in secret again.

So why is WikiLeaks, after performing such an important public service, under such vicious attack? Because they have outed and embarrassed those who have covered up the truth. The assault on them has been over the top:

– Sen. Joe Lieberman says WikiLeaks “has violated the Espionage Act.”

The New Yorker‘s George Packer calls Assange “super-secretive, thin-skinned, [and] megalomaniacal.”

– Sarah Palin claims he’s “an anti-American operative with blood on his hands” whom we should pursue “with the same urgency we pursue al Qaeda and Taliban leaders.”

– Democrat Bob Beckel (Walter Mondale’s 1984 campaign manager) said about Assange on Fox: “A dead man can’t leak stuff … there’s only one way to do it: illegally shoot the son of a bitch.”

– Republican Mary Matalin says “he’s a psychopath, a sociopath … He’s a terrorist.”

– Rep. Peter A. King calls WikiLeaks a “terrorist organization.”

And indeed they are! They exist to terrorize the liars and warmongers who have brought ruin to our nation and to others. Perhaps the next war won’t be so easy because the tables have been turned — and now it’s Big Brother who’s being watched … by us!

WikiLeaks deserves our thanks for shining a huge spotlight on all this. But some in the corporate-owned press have dismissed the importance of WikiLeaks (“they’ve released little that’s new!”) or have painted them as simple anarchists (“WikiLeaks just releases everything without any editorial control!”). WikiLeaks exists, in part, because the mainstream media has failed to live up to its responsibility. The corporate owners have decimated newsrooms, making it impossible for good journalists to do their job. There’s no time or money anymore for investigative journalism. Simply put, investors don’t want those stories exposed. They like their secrets kept … as secrets.

I ask you to imagine how much different our world would be if WikiLeaks had existed 10 years ago. Take a look at this photo. That’s Mr. Bush about to be handed a “secret” document on August 6th, 2001. Its heading read: “Bin Ladin Determined To Strike in US.” And on those pages it said the FBI had discovered “patterns of suspicious activity in this country consistent with preparations for hijackings.” Mr. Bush decided to ignore it and went fishing for the next four weeks.

But if that document had been leaked, how would you or I have reacted? What would Congress or the FAA have done? Was there not a greater chance that someone, somewhere would have done something if all of us knew about bin Laden’s impending attack using hijacked planes?

But back then only a few people had access to that document. Because the secret was kept, a flight school instructor in San Diego who noticed that two Saudi students took no interest in takeoffs or landings, did nothing. Had he read about the bin Laden threat in the paper, might he have called the FBI? (Please read this essay by former FBI Agent Coleen Rowley, Time’s 2002 co-Person of the Year, about her belief that had WikiLeaks been around in 2001, 9/11 might have been prevented.)

Or what if the public in 2003 had been able to read “secret” memos from Dick Cheney as he pressured the CIA to give him the “facts” he wanted in order to build his false case for war? If a WikiLeaks had revealed at that time that there were, in fact, no weapons of mass destruction, do you think that the war would have been launched — or rather, wouldn’t there have been calls for Cheney’s arrest?

Openness, transparency — these are among the few weapons the citizenry has to protect itself from the powerful and the corrupt. What if within days of August 4th, 1964 — after the Pentagon had made up the lie that our ship was attacked by the North Vietnamese in the Gulf of Tonkin — there had been a WikiLeaks to tell the American people that the whole thing was made up? I guess 58,000 of our soldiers (and 2 million Vietnamese) might be alive today.

Instead, secrets killed them.

For those of you who think it’s wrong to support Julian Assange because of the sexual assault allegations he’s being held for, all I ask is that you not be naive about how the government works when it decides to go after its prey. Please — never, ever believe the “official story.” And regardless of Assange’s guilt or innocence (see the strange nature of the allegations here), this man has the right to have bail posted and to defend himself. I have joined with filmmakers Ken Loach and John Pilger and writer Jemima Khan in putting up the bail money — and we hope the judge will accept this and grant his release today.

Might WikiLeaks cause some unintended harm to diplomatic negotiations and U.S. interests around the world? Perhaps. But that’s the price you pay when you and your government take us into a war based on a lie. Your punishment for misbehaving is that someone has to turn on all the lights in the room so that we can see what you’re up to. You simply can’t be trusted. So every cable, every email you write is now fair game. Sorry, but you brought this upon yourself. No one can hide from the truth now. No one can plot the next Big Lie if they know that they might be exposed.

And that is the best thing that WikiLeaks has done. WikiLeaks, God bless them, will save lives as a result of their actions. And any of you who join me in supporting them are committing a true act of patriotism. Period.

I stand today in absentia with Julian Assange in London and I ask the judge to grant him his release. I am willing to guarantee his return to court with the bail money I have wired to said court. I will not allow this injustice to continue unchallenged.

P.S. You can read the statement I filed today in the London court here.

P.P.S. If you’re reading this in London, please go support Julian Assange and WikiLeaks at a demonstration at 1 PM today, Tuesday the 14th, in front of the Westminster court.

Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/michael-moore/why-im-posting-bail-money_b_796319.html

In flu shot propaganda push, government starts offering to pay for the jabs

(NaturalNews) This year marks the first time that, under U.S. law, Medicare and private insurers will be required to cover the full cost of seasonal influenza vaccination, with no co-pays or deductibles allowed. Uninsured children will also receive free flu shots.

Following last year’s scare over H1N1 swine flu, which resulted in delays and shortages of flu vaccines, manufacturers have produced 165 million doses of the vaccine for use in the United States, which has a population just under 300 million. The government now recommends flu vaccination for all residents over the age of six months.

Thirty million doses are already available on retailers’ shelves. A new high-dose vaccine is also being offered for the first time to people over the age of 65, though such doses have never been used before.

This year’s seasonal flu vaccine is designed to protect against H1N1 and two other flu strains believed to be circulating this winter. An estimated 60 percent of the U.S. population is still believed to be vulnerable to H1N1 infection.

“We could still have a bad year,” says Trish Perl of Johns Hopkins University Hospital.

Although public health officials have been promoting flu vaccines for years, evidence suggests that the vaccines do not actually reduce death rates in the elderly, typically considered the most vulnerable population.

Many flu shots in the United States include the common vaccine ingredient thimerosal, a mercury derivative.

“We absolutely shouldn’t be exposing all of these kids to this known developmental neurotoxin, especially when most of them don’t even need a flu shot in the first place,” writes Deirdre Imus in the book Growing Up Green.

“We also need to be calling more public attention to the health consequences of thimerosal,” Imus writes. “Over the last few years, scientists have begun to focus on the possible correlation between mercury exposure in early childhood and the rise of autism spectrum disorders.”

Sources for this story include: http://www.usatoday.com/yourlife/he… http://www.naturalnews.com/025432_d….

Learn more: http://www.naturalnews.com/030720_flu_shot_propaganda.html#ixzz187iooqwQ

National Security Agency (NSA) – Covert operations of the U.S.

by John St Clair Akwei
From an article in Nexus Magazine April/May 96

from MindControlForums Website

A lawsuit filed against the U.S. National Security Agency reveals a frightening array of technologies and programs designed to keep tabs on individuals.
.

John St Clair Akwei
vs
National Security Agency
Ft George G. Meade, MD, USA
(Civil Action 92-0449)
.

The following document comprises evidence for a lawsuit filed at the U.S. Courthouse in Washington, DC, by John St Clair Akwei against the National Security Agency, Ft George G. Meade, Maryland (Civil Action 92-0449), constitutes his knowledge of the NSA’s structure, national security activities proprietary technologies and covert operations to monitor individual citizens Ed.

1. THE NSA’S MISSION AND DOMESTIC INTELLIGENCE OPERATION

  • Communications Intelligence (COMINT)
    Blanket coverage of all electronic communications in the US and the world to ensure national security. The NSA at Ft Meade, Maryland has had the most advanced computers in the world since the early 1960s.

    NSA technology is developed and implemented in secret from private corporations, academia and the general public.


  • Signals Intelligence (SICINT)
    The Signals Intelligence mission of the NSA has evolved into a program of decoding EMF waves in the environment for wirelessly tapping into computers and track persons with the electrical currents in their bodies. Signals Intelligence is based on fact that everything in the environment with an electric current in it has a magnetic flux around it which gives off EMF waves.

    The NSA/DoD [Department of Defense] developed proprietary advanced digital equipment which can remotely analyze all objects whether manmade or organic, that have electrical activity.


  • Domestic Intelligence (DOMINT)
    The NSA has records on all US citizens. The NSA gathers information on US citizen who might be of interest to any of the over 50,000 NSA agents (HUMINT). These agents are authorized by executive order to spy on anyone. The NSA has a permanent national security anti-terrorist surveillance network in place. This surveillance network is completely disguised and hidden from the public.


    Tracking individuals in the US is easily and cost-effectively implemented with NSA’s electronic surveillance network. This network (DOMINT) covers the entire US, involves tens of thousands of NSA personnel, and tracks millions of persons simultaneously . Cost-effective implementation of operations is assured by NSA computer technology designed to minimize operations costs. NSA personnel serve in quasi-public positions in their communities and run cover businesses and legitimate businesses that can inform the intelligence community of persons they would want to track.

    NSA personnel in the community usually have cover identities such as social workers, lawyers and business owners.


  • Individual Citizens Occasionally Targeted for Surveillance by Independently Operating NSA Personnel
    NSA personnel can control the lives of hundreds of thousands of individuals in the US by using the NSA’s domestic intelligence network and cover businesses.

    The operations independently run by them can sometimes go beyond the bounds of law. Long-term control and sabotage of tens of thousands of unwitting citizens by NSA operatives is likely to happen.

    NSA DOMINT has the ability to assassinate US citizens covertly or run covert psychological control operations to cause subjects to be diagnosed with ill mental health.

The above symptoms highlight a fraction of the vast array of
Neuro-Electromagnetic Frequency Assaults perpetuated by the Police and
Military Intelligence Agencies toward
Remote Mind Control Experiments, Behavioral Manipulation and Murder.

2. NSA’S DOMESTIC ELECTRONIC SURVEILLANCE NETWORK

As of the early 1960s, the most advanced computers in the world were at the NSA, Ft Meade. Research breakthroughs with these computers were kept for the NSA.

At the present time the NSA has nanotechnology computers that are 15 years ahead of present computer technology. The NSA obtains blanket coverage of information in the US by using advanced computers that use artificial intelligence to screen all communications, regardless of medium, for key words that should be brought to the attention of NSA agents/cryptologists.

These computers monitor all communications at the transmitting and receiving ends.

This blanket coverage of the US is a result of the NSA’s Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) mission. The NSA’s electronic surveillance network is based on a cellular arrangement of devices that can monitor the entire EMF (electromagnetic frequency) spectrum.

This equipment was developed, implemented and kept secret in the same manner as other electronic warfare programs.

  • Signals Intelligence Remote Computer Tampering
    The NSA keeps track of all PCs and other computers sold in the US.

    This is an integral part of the Domestic Intelligence network. The NSA’s EMF equipment can tune in RF (remote frequency) emissions from personal computer circuit boards (while filtering out emissions from monitors and power sup- plies).

    The RF emission from PC circuit boards contains digital information in the PC. Coded RF waves from the NSA’s equipment can resonate PC circuits and change data in the PCs. Thus the NSA can gain wireless modem-style entry into any computer in the country for surveillance or anti-terrorist electronic warfare.


  • Detecting EMF Fields in Humans for Surveillance
    A subject’s bioelectric field can be remotely detected, so subjects can be monitored anywhere they are.

    With special EMF equipment NSA cryptologists can remotely read evoked potentials (from EEGs). These can be decoded into a person’s brain-states and thoughts. The subject is then perfectly monitored from a distance. NSA personnel can dial up any individual in the country on the Signals Intelligence EMF scanning network and the NSA’s computers will then pinpoint and track that person 24 hours a day.

    The NSA can pick out and track anyone in the US.

3. NSA SIGNALS INTELLIGENCE USE OF EMF BRAIN STIMULATION

NSA Signals Intelligence uses EMF Brain Stimulation for Remote Neural Monitoring (RNM) and Electronic Brain Link (EBL).

EMF Brain Stimulation has been in development since the MKULTRA program of the early 1950s, which included neurological research into radiation (non-ionizing EMF) and bioelectric research and development.

The resulting secret technology is categorized at the National Security Archives as “Radiation Intelligence“, defined as,

“information from unintentionally emanated electromagnetic waves in the environment, not including radioactivity or nuclear detonation”.

Signals Intelligence implemented and kept this technology secret in the same manner as other electronic warfare programs of the US Government.

The NSA monitors available information about this technology and withholds scientific research from the public. There are also international intelligence agreements to keep this technology secret.

The NSA has proprietary electronic equipment that analyze electrical activity in humans from a distance. NSA computer generated brain mapping can continuously monitor all of the electrical activity in the brain continuously. The NSA records and decode individual brain maps (of hundreds of thousands of persons) for national security purposes. EMF Brain Stimulation is also secretly used by the military for brain-to-computer link (in military fighter aircraft, for example).

For electronic surveillance purposes, electrical activity in the speech center of the brain can be translated into the subject’s verbal thoughts. RNM can send encoded signals to the brain’s auditory cortex, thus allowing audio communications direct to the brain (bypassing the ears). NSA operatives can use this covertly to debilitate subjects by simulating auditory hallucinations characteristic of paranoid schizophrenia.

Without any contact with the subject, Remote Neural Monitoring can map out electrical activity from the visual cortex of a subject’s brain and show images from the subject’s brain on a video monitor. NSA operatives see what the surveillance subject’s eyes are seeing. Visual memory can also be seen. RNM can send images direct to the visual cortex, bypassing the eyes and optic nerves.

NSA operatives can use this surreptitiously to put images into a surveillance subject’s brain while they are in REM sleep for brain-programming purposes.

  • Capabilities of NSA Operatives Using RNM
    There has been a Signals Intelligence network in the US since the 1940s.

    The NSA, Ft Meade has in place a vast two-way wireless RNM system which is used to track subjects and non-invasively monitor audio-visual information in their brains. This is all done with no physical contact with the subject. RNM is the ultimate method of surveillance and domestic intelligence. Speech, 3D sound and subliminal audio can be sent to the auditory cortex of the subject’s brain (bypassing the ears), and images can be sent into the visual cortex. RNM can alter a subject’s perceptions, moods and motor control.

    Speech cortex/auditory cortex link has become the ultimate communications system for the intelligence community. RNM allows for a complete audio-visual brain-to-brain link or brain-to-computer link.

The above is a simple flowchart of Nuero-Electromagnetic Frequency Assaults

showing methods that can be perpetuated by the Police and Military Intelligence Agencies

toward Remote Mind Control Experiments, Behavioural Manipulation and Murder.

4. NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY SIGNALS INTELLIGENCE ELECTRONIC BRAIN LINK TECHNOLOGY

NSA SIGINT can remotely detect, identify and monitor a person’s bioelectric fields.

The NSA’s Signals Intelligence has the proprietary ability to monitor remotely and non-invasively information in the human brain by digitally decoding the evoked potentials in the 30-50 Hz, 5 milliwatt electromagnetic emissions from the brain.

Neuronal activity in the brain creates a shifting electrical pattern that has a shifting magnetic flux. This magnetic flux puts out a constant 30-50 Hz, 5 milliwatt electromagnetic (EMF) wave.

Contained in the electromagnetic emission from the brain are spikes and patterns called “evoked potentials”. Every thought, reaction, motor command, auditory event and visual image in the brain has a corresponding “evoked potential” or set of “evoked potentials”. The EMF emission from the brain can be decoded into the current thoughts, images and sounds in the subject’s brain.

NSA SIGINT uses EMF-transmitted Brain Stimulation as a communications system to transmit information (as well as nervous system messages) to intelligence agents and also to transmit to the brains of covert operations subjects (on a non-perceptible level).

EMF Brain Stimulation works by sending a complexly coded and pulsed electromagnetic signal to trigger evoked potentials (events) in the brain, thereby forming sound and visual images in the brain’s neural circuits. EMF Brain Stimulation can also change a person’s brain-states and affect motor control.

Two-way electronic Brain Link is done by remotely monitoring neural audio-visual information while transmitting sound to the auditory cortex (bypassing the ears) and transmitting faint images to the visual cortex (bypassing the optic nerves and eyes). The images appear as floating 2D screens in the brain.

Two-way electronic Brain Link has become the ultimate communications system for CIA/NSA personnel. Remote neural monitoring (RNM, remotely monitoring bioelectric information in the human brain) has become the ultimate surveillance system.

It is used by a limited number of agents in the US Intelligence Community.

The above is a simple flowchart of Nuero-Electromagnetic Frequency Assaults

showing methods that can be perpetuated by the Police and Military Intelligence Agencies toward
Remote Mind Control Experiments, Behavioral Manipulation and Murder.

5. [NO HEADING IN ORIGINAL DOCUMENT]

RNM requires decoding the resonance frequency of each specific brain area.

That frequency is then modulated in order to impose information in that specific brain area. The frequency to which the various brain areas respond varies from 3 Hz to 50 Hz. Only NSA Signals Intelligence modulates signals in this frequency band. (See Table 1 below)

This modulated information can be put into the brain at varying intensities from subliminal to perceptible. Each person’s brain has a unique set of bioelectric resonance/entrainment frequencies. Sending audio information to a person’s brain at the frequency of another person’s auditory cortex would result in that audio information not being perceived.

The Plaintiff learned of RNM by being in two-way RNM contact with the Kinnecome group at the NSA, Ft Meade.

They used RNM 3D sound direct to the brain to harass the Plaintiff from October 1990 to May 1991.

As of 5/91 they have had two-way RNM communications with the Plaintiff and have used RNM to attempt to incapacitate the Plaintiff and hinder the Plaintiff from going to the authorities about their activities against the Plaintiff in the last 12 years. The Kinnecome group has about 100 persons working 24 hours a day at Ft Meade.

They have also brain-tapped persons the Plaintiff is in contact with to keep the Plaintiff isolated.

This is the first time ever that a private citizen has been harassed with RNM and has been able to bring a lawsuit against NSA personnel misusing this intelligence operations method.

click above image

6. NSA TECHNIQUES AND RESOURCES

Remote monitoring/tracking of individuals in any location, inside any building, continuously, anywhere in the country.

A system for inexpensive implementation of these operations allows for thousands of persons in every community to be spied on constantly by the NSA.

  • Remote RNM Devices
    NSA’s RNM equipment remotely reads the evoked potentials (EEGs) of the human brain for tracking individuals, and can send messages through the nervous systems to affect their performance. RNM can electronically identify individuals and track them anywhere in the US.

    This equipment is on a network and is used for domestic intelligence operations, government security and military base security, and in case of bioelectric warfare.


  • Spotters and Walk-Bys in Metropolitan Areas
    Tens of thousands of persons in each area working as spotters and neighbourhood/business place spies (sometimes unwittingly) following and checking on subjects who have been identified for covert control by NSA personnel.

    Agents working out of offices can be in constant communication with spotters who are keeping track of the NSA’s thousands of subjects in public. NSA agents in remote offices can instantly identify (using~ RNM) any individual spotted in public who is in contact with surveillance subject.


  • Chemicals and Drugs into Residential Buildings with Hidden NSA Installed and Maintained Plastic Plumbing lines.
    The NSA has kits for running lines into residential tap water and air ducts of subjects for the delivery of drugs (such as sleeping gas or brainwashing-aiding drugs).

    This is an outgrowth of CIA pharmapsychology (psychopharmacology).


  • Brief Overview of Proprietary US Intelligence/Anti-Terrorist Equipment Mentioned
    Fixed network of special EMF equipment that can read EEGs in human brains and identify/track individuals by using digital computers. ESB (Electrical Stimulation to the Brain) via EMF signal from the NSA Signals Intelligence is used to control subjects.

    EMF equipment that gathers information from PC circuit boards by deciphering RF emissions, thereby gaining wireless modem-style entry into any personal computer in the country. All equipment hidden, all technology secret, all scientific research unreported (as in electronic warfare research).

    Not known to the public at all, yet complete and thorough implementation of this method of domestic intelligence has been in place since the early 1980s.

Editor’s Note:

I tried ringing Mr Akwei to find out what was the out-come, if any, of his court case. He firmly but kindly told me that he could not speak about anything to do with the case over the phone and hung up. A subsequent conversation of similar length resulted in the information that he did not wish his address or phone number published with this article.

So, if we hear of any developments, we’ll let you know.

Its totally obvious from the above article that the US National Security Agency is none other than a covertly run terrorist organization.

Their highly sophisticated technology that is used to monitor and manipulate the minds of millions of innocent people daily, is a blatant expression of the dominating and authoritarian mentality that exists behind the facade of our so called democratic society.

George Orwell’s “THOUGHT POLICE” is an absolute reality in today’s world.

Whether we realize it or not, every individual within our society is negatively effected by this dictatorship attitude.

It has to change – It will change – It starts with you!

George Farquhar
Project Freedom


An example of EMF Brain Stimulation

Table 1

Brain Area Bioelectric Resonance Frequency Information Induced Through Modulation
Motor Control Cortex 10 Hz Motor Impulse co-ordination
Auditory Cortex 15 Hz Sound which bypasses the ears
Visual Cortex 25 Hz Images in the brain bypassing the eyes
Somatosensory 9 Hz Phantom touch sense
Thought Center 20 Hz Imposed subconscious thoughts

RESOURCES

These publications have only been discovered since December 1991, after Plaintiff had already notified authorities (Dept of Justice, etc.) of Public Corruption by named NSA employees.

When no action was taken against the NSA employees, I researched the Intelligence Community electronic surveillance technology involved and discovered the following publications.

  • The Body Electric: Electromagnetism and the Foundation of Life, by Robert Becker, M.D. Monitoring neuroelectric information in the brain ESB. (p. 265,313,318)

  • Cross currents, by Robert Becker. Simulating auditory hallucinations. Remote computer tampering using RF emissions from the logic board. (p. 70,78,105,174,210,216,220,242,299,303)

  • Currents of Death, by Paul Brodeur. Driving brain electrical activity with external EM; magnetophosphenes; Delgado. (p. 27,93)

  • The Zapping of America, by Paul Brodeur. DoD EM ESB research; simulating auditory hallucinations.

  • Of Mice, Men and Molecules, by John H. Heller 1963 Bioelectricity; probing the brain with EM waves. (p, 110)

  • The Three-Pound Universe, by Judith Hooper. CIA EEG research; EEGs for surveillance. (p.29,132,137)

  • In the Palaces of Memory, by George Johnson. EM emissions from the brain; the brain as an open electromagnetic circuit.

  • The Puzzle Palace, by James Bamford. Signals Intelligence; most advanced computers in the early ‘sixties.

  • The US Intelligence Community. Glossary terms at National Security Archives; Radiation Intelligence (information from unintentionally emanated electromagnetic energy, excluding radioactive sources).

  • The Search for the “Manchurian Candidate, by John Marks. Electrical or radio stimulation to the brain; CIA R&D in bioelectrics. (p.227)

  • Secret Agenda, by Jim Hougan. National security cult groups.

  • Crimes of the Intelligence Community, by Morton Halperin. Surreptitious entries; intelligence agents running operations against government workers.

  • War in the Age of Intelligent Machines, NSA computer supremacy, complete control of information.

  • Alternate Computers, by Time-Life Books. Molecule computers.

  • The Mind, by Richard Restak, M.D. EEG Systems inc.; decoding brain EM emanations, tracking thoughts on a computer. (p. 258)

  • MedTech, by Lawrence Galton. Triggering events in the brain, direct to auditory cortex signals.

  • Cyborg, by D.S. Halacy, Jr, 1965. Brain-to-computer link research contracts given out by the US government.

  • Psychiatry and the CIA: Victims of Mind Control, by Harvey M. Weinstein M.D. Dr. Cameron; psychic driving; ultraconceptual communications.

  • Journey Into Madness: The True Story of Secret CIA Mind Control and Medical Abuse, by Gordon Thomas, Intelligence R&D; Delgado; psychic driving with radio telemetry. (p. 127,276,116,168,169)

  • Mind Manipulators, by Alan Scheflin and Edward M. Opton. MKULTRA brain research for information-gathering.

  • The Brain Changers, by Maya Pines. Listening to brain EM emissions. (p.19)

  • Modern Bioelectricity. Inducing audio in the brain with EM waves; DoD cover-up; EM wave ESB; remote EEGs

  • Magnetic Stimulation in Clinical Neurophysiology, by Sudhansu Chokroverty. Magnetophosphenes; images direct to the visual cortex.

  • The Mind of Man, by Nigel Calder. US intelligence brain research.

  • Neuroelectric Society Conference, 1971. Audio direct to the brain with EM waves; 2-way remote EEGs.

  • Brain Control, by Elliot S. Valenstein. ESB., control of individuals.

  • Towards Century 21, by C.S. Wallia. Brain Stimulation for direct-to-brain communications (p21)

  • Mind Wars, by Ron McRae (associate of Jack Anderson). Research into brain-to-brain electronic communications., remote neural EM detection (PP. 62 106, 136).

  • Mind Tools, by Rudy Rucker. Brain tapping; communications with varying biomagnetic fields (p82).

  • US News and World report, January 2nd 1984. EM wave brain stimulation; intelligence community hi-tech (p38).

  • Ear Magazine. Article on extremely low frequencies radio emissions in the natural environment; radio emissions from the human body.

  • City Paper, Washington DC January 17, 1992. Article FCC and NSA “complete radio spectrum” listening posts.

  • Frontiers in Science, by Edward Hutchings Jr 1958 (p48).

  • Beyond Bio Feedback, by Elmer and Alyce Green, 1977 (p118)

  • The Body Quantum, by Fred Alan Wolf

  • Cloning; A Biologist Reports, by Robert Gillmore McKinnell. Ethical review of cloning humans.

  • Hoovers’ FBI, by Former agent William Turner. Routines of electronic surveillance work. (p280).

  • July 20th 2019, by Arthur C. Clarke LIDA; Neurophonics; Brain-computer link.

  • MegaBrain, by Michael Hutchison. Brain stimulation with EM waves; CIA research and information control. (pp.107,108,117,120,123).

  • The Cult of Information, by Theodore Rosnak, 1986. NSA Directive #145; personal files in computers; computer automated telephone tapping.

  • The Body Shop, 1986 implantation of an electrode array on the visual cortex for video direct to the brain; other 1960’s research into electronically triggering Phosphenes in the brain, thus bypassing the eyes.

  • Evoked Potentials, by David Regan. Decoding neuroelectric information in the brain.

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Ancient astronomy: Mechanical inspiration

The ancient Greeks’ vision of a geometrical Universe seemed to come out of nowhere. Could their ideas have come from the internal gearing of an ancient mechanism?

Jo Marchant

Two thousand years ago, a Greek mechanic set out to build a machine that would model the workings of the known Universe. The result was a complex clockwork mechanism that displayed the motions of the Sun, Moon and planets on precisely marked dials. By turning a handle, the creator could watch his tiny celestial bodies trace their undulating paths through the sky.

The mechanic’s name is now lost. But his machine, dubbed the Antikythera mechanism, is by far the most technologically sophisticated artefact that survives from antiquity. Since a reconstruction of the device hit the headlines in 2006, it has revolutionized ideas about the technology of the ancient world, and has captured the public imagination as the apparent pinnacle of Greek scientific achievement.

Now, however, scientists delving into the astronomical theories encoded in this quintessentially Greek device have concluded that they are not Greek at all, but Babylonian — an empire predating this era by centuries. This finding is forcing historians to rethink a crucial period in the development of astronomy. It may well be that geared devices such as the Antikythera mechanism did not model the Greeks’ geometric view of the cosmos after all. They inspired it.

The remains of the Antikythera mechanism were salvaged from a shipwreck in 1901 (see ‘Celestial mirror from the deep’) and are now held in the National Archaeological Museum in Athens. A series of ever more sophisticated radiographic studies of the gearwheels hidden inside the corroded mass culminated in proposed reconstructions of the device from a team led by astronomer Mike Edmunds of the University of Cardiff, UK, in 2006 (ref. 1), and from London-based mechanic and curator Michael Wright in 2007 (ref. 2).

The largest surviving piece of the Antikythera mechanism contains some of its internal workings, including one of the major gearwheels and several smaller gears that have been crushed underneath.THE ANTIKYTHERA MECHANISM RESEARCH PROJECT

The device, which dates from the second or early first century BC, was enclosed in a wooden box roughly 30 centimetres high by 20 centimetres wide, contained more than 30 bronze gearwheels and was covered with Greek inscriptions. On the front was a large circular dial with two concentric scales. One, inscribed with names of the months, was divided into the 365 days of the year; the other, divided into 360 degrees, was marked with the 12 signs of the zodiac.

Pointers moving around this dial were thought to show the date as well as the corresponding position of the Sun, Moon and probably the five planets known at the time. A revolving ball, painted half black and half silver, displayed the phase of the Moon, and letters marked on the zodiac scale acted as a kind of index, linking to inscriptions that described the appearances and disappearances of major stars at different times of the year.

On the back of the device were two spiral dials, one above the other. The top one showed a repeating 235-month calendar, popular because after 235 months or 19 years, the distribution of new Moons in the solar year is the same. The bottom spiral represented a 223-month repeating eclipse cycle. Symbols inscribed on its month divisions told the user when to expect eclipses, and gave information about the type and timing of each event.

The researchers who did the 2006 reconstruction noted that the 235- and 223-month cycles were originally derived by the Babylonians. That was to be expected: the empire’s priest-astronomers, who saw astronomical events as powerful omens, had identified many such cycles over the centuries, and Greek astronomers of this period often made use of their results.

But this fact did not shake the researchers’ central conclusion that the device embodied the Greeks’ own geometrical models of the cosmos. These models, based on spheres or circles that described the motion of the planets in three-dimensional space, had originally been qualitative and philosophically pleasing rather than accurate. But by the time of the Antikythera mechanism’s construction, scholars such as Hipparchus, who worked in Rhodes in the second century BC, had been inspired by the Babylonians’ precision to put numbers into the Greek models, and to insist that they fit with actual observations. Modern experts were confident that the device’s zodiac display — its centrepiece — reflected such state-of-the-art geometrical theories.

Supporting this idea were X-ray scans revealing that a mechanism hidden within the device’s clockwork directly modelled the varying motion of the Moon. Because the Moon’s orbit around Earth is elliptical rather than circular, it seems to travel faster at some points in its orbit than others. Greek philosophers believed that all heavenly orbits were perfect circles, so Hipparchus explained this variation in the Moon’s motion by superimposing one circular orbit onto another that had a different centre — the ‘eccentric’ theory.

Missing gears

The gearwork in the Antikythera mechanism seems to put this into practice perfectly, using a pin-and-slot mechanism that enabled one gearwheel to drive another around a slightly displaced axis. In their 2006 Nature paper1, Edmunds and his colleagues described it as “a mechanical realization” of Hipparchus’ lunar theory. The team and other scholars assumed that the maker of the Antikythera mechanism must have used similar techniques to model the path of the Sun and probably the planets, too. The relevant gearing is missing, but the assumption is plausible: Greek astronomers accounted for the movement of planets — which not only seem to speed up and slow down in the sky, but sometimes change direction — using a theory that was mathematically equivalent to the eccentric model. The basic idea, which would be refined and made famous by the Greek astronomer Ptolemy in the second century AD, was that each planet travelled in a small circle called an epicycle, whose centre was simultaneously moving in a larger loop around Earth.

To demonstrate how the Antikythera mechanism could have operated, Wright built a working model of it. His device incorporates small gear wheels riding on larger ones to model the epicycles of Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn, as well as the varying speed of the Sun. The Antikythera mechanism thus seemed to be a stunning demonstration of how the ancient Greeks had translated their most famous astronomical theory into physical wheels of bronze.

But now a new team has noticed a detail that could turn this view of the mechanism on its head. Historian of astronomy James Evans at the University of Puget Sound in Tacoma, Washington, and his colleagues knew that the 360 divisions on the zodiac scale should be spaced slightly farther apart than the 365 divisions on the calendar scale that encircled it. But when they used X-ray scans provided by Edmunds’ team to precisely measure the division widths on the surviving part of the dial, which encompasses 88 degrees, they found that the zodiac marks are actually closer together3. The marks on the vanished parts of the scale must have compensated somehow with a wider spacing.

The researchers believe that this was done on purpose to represent the Sun’s uneven progress through the sky. Instead of the device using epicyclic gearing to drive a pointer with varying speed as previously thought, Evans believes it is “extremely likely” that its maker used a pointer moving with constant speed around a circle split into two sections of equal overall size that were divided differently: a ‘fast zone’ in which the degree markings were closer together than normal, and a ‘slow zone’ in which they were farther apart. This scheme is identical to a theory of the Sun’s movement used by the Babylonians, known as System A.

If correct, this interpretation suggests that the astronomy encoded in the mechanism’s gearwork does not represent state-of-the-art Greek theories after all. It is Babylonian through and through.

This is a tough assertion to prove. The uneven division of the zodiac scale could have been just the result of sloppy work by the machine’s creator, and its similarity to the Babylonian scheme just a coincidence. Wright, who was the first to suggest that epicyclic gearing modelled the motions of the Sun and planets, says he is “very uncomfortable” with the idea that the device modelled the Moon’s motion mechanically, yet used an abstract numerical scheme to do the same for the Sun.

But astronomy historian Alexander Jones of the Institute for the Study of the Ancient World in New York is taking the hypothesis seriously. He argues that Greek astronomers were more interested in convenience than consistency. Such an intimate mix of geometric and arithmetic approaches fits the spirit of the period, he says. “They were playing with different toolboxes at the same time.”

Key events

Evans’s hypothesis forces a rethink of other parts of the mechanism, too. Previously, scholars assumed that the positions of the Sun, Moon and planets were all displayed around the same zodiac scale. But if the zodiac scale had been tweaked to accommodate the varying speed of the Sun, it would no longer be accurate for showing the positions of the other bodies.

Evans thinks that the five planets were instead displayed on individual smaller dials (see ‘Cross-cultural computer’). He adds that these dials didn’t necessarily have to show the planets’ positions in the sky. He thinks the machine’s maker would have been more interested in showing the timing of key events in each planet’s cycle, such as changes of direction, or first and last appearance in the night sky. If so, the pointers on these dials could have been driven at constant speed by simple gear trains representing period relations derived by the Babylonians — no epicycles required.

Jones is more cautious about this suggestion, although he says it “makes sense in terms of how planetary motion was talked about at the time”. Both he and Evans are hoping that more clues will come from inscriptions on the front cover of the mechanism. The surviving lettering is hidden inside the mechanism’s battered and corroded remains, but it is being painstakingly reconstructed and translated from X-ray scans by Agamemnon Tselikas, director of the Centre for History and Palaeography in Athens, and Yanis Bitsakis, a physicist at the University of Athens. So far the two researchers have deciphered mentions of Mars, Mercury and Venus, along with several references to the ‘stationary points’ at which planets seem to change direction.

Evans argues that even the clearly epicyclic gearing of the Moon display may model Babylonian arithmetic, not Greek geometry. The amplitude of the variation encoded by the pin-and-slot mechanism is larger than that used by Hipparchus in his eccentric model, he points out, and is closer to the amplitude used in the lunar algorithms of the Babylonians. “Perhaps a mechanic tried to represent the variations in the Moon’s speed according to the Babylonian theory using gears,” he says — and hit upon an epicyclic arrangement.

In other words, epicycles were not a philosophical innovation but a mechanical one. Once Greek astronomers realized how well epicyclic gearing in devices such as the Antikythera mechanism replicated the cyclic variations of celestial bodies, they could have incorporated the concept into their own geometrical models of the cosmos.

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“It is a new possibility,” says Jones. “I am quite attracted to it.” There is little evidence for who came up with the idea of epicycles, although it is often ascribed to third-century-BC Greek geometer Apollonius of Perga. Intriguingly, gears and epicycles seem to have arisen at about the same time, with gears perhaps a little earlier. Also in the third century BC, Archimedes used simple gears to change the size of an applied force. Some two centuries later, the Roman politician and author Cicero wrote that Archimedes built a bronze astronomical device that might have been similar to the Antikythera mechanism.

“Maybe we need to rethink the connection between mechanics and astronomy,” says Evans. “People think of it as purely one way, but maybe there was more of an interplay.” In other words, when that Greek mechanic shaped the Antikythera mechanism’s complex gear trains, he created more than a model made of bronze. He helped to forge a view of the Universe that would hold sway for nearly 2,000 years.

Jo Marchant is a London-based writer and author of Decoding the Heavens, a book about the Antikythera mechanism.

  • References

    1. Freeth, T. et al. Nature 444, 587-591 (2006). | ArticlePubMedOpenURL | | ChemPort |
    2. Wright, M. T. Interdiscipl. Sci. Rev. 32, 27-43 (2007).
    3. Evans, J., Carman, C. C. & Thorndike, A. S. J. Hist. Astron. 41, 1-39 (2010).
    4. Freeth, T., Jones, A., Steele, J. M. & Bitsakis Y. Nature 454, 614-617 (2008). | ArticlePubMedOpenURL
    5. Højte, J. M. (ed.) Mithridates VI and the Pontic Kingdom 313-320 (Aarhus Univ. Press, 2009).

Source: http://www.nature.com/news/2010/101124/full/468496a.html